NATO, the Warsaw Pact and the Rise of D�tente, 1965-1972International
Conference
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In the last two decades historical research on the passage from the origins of the Cold war to its stabilisation in the 1950s and on the crises of the late 1950s and early 1960s has produced a remarkable output of scholarly studies, which have benefited from a growing variety of archival sources. As one moves on into the mid and late 1960s, however, we are still far from having at our disposal a broad historical database shedding light on some of the crucial international problems of these years. While the figures of Johnson, Nixon and Kissinger and the policies of their administrations have been the object of much research, we think it necessary to integrate the increasing number of studies of their foreign policy into the larger picture of a true history of the evolution of the international system. By focussing on the two superpowers and on their gradual move from confrontation to d�tente, in particular, historical research has somewhat neglected the tensions and anxieties that accompanied the rise of d�tente inside the two camps, and their impact on the behaviour of the leaders of each bloc. What we think is missing, therefore, is a reconstruction based on fresh archival sources of the mistrust, fear and uncertainty that the process engineered in the relationship between the US and its Western European partners, of the suspicions with which many Europeans watched the developing dialogue in the field of arms control, and of the puzzlement generated by the growing predicament of the US in the jungles of Vietnam. At the same time, very little is known about the perceptions of d�tente in the countries of the Eastern bloc, about the aftermath of the repression of the Prague spring, or about the impact on the Warsaw pact of the Sino-Soviet clashes.
The conference organized by the Machiavelli Center for Cold War studies, in cooperation with the Cold War International History Project, the Parallel History Project, and the Miller Center for Presidential Studies, wants to bring to the fore the most innovative results of recent historical research on detente, to encourage further investigations on all of its facets, and to allow scholars the opportunity to have a relaxed and free-flowing exchange of ides on the state of the art.
First Session: The Loss of the Euro-Centric Paradigm in US Foreign Policy
09:15 a.m. Introduction - Ennio Di Nolfo, US Foreign Policy and the Loss of the Euro-Centric Paradigm
09:45 a.m. Panel One - Ostpolitik and its critics
- Chair:
Christian Ostermann
- Discussant: Geir Lundestad
- Thomas J.
Schwartz, "Pat Them on the Heads and Kick Them in the...":
Lyndon Johnson, West
Germany, and the American
Push toward Détente, 1964-1968
- Maurice
Va�sse, Détente, French-style
- Ruud van Dijk, "We Will Come to Regret German 'Flexibility'
". Ostpolitik and Détente: White House
Misgivings, Their Nature
and Their Merits, 1969-1970
- Bernd
Schäfer, German Ostpolitik and the Nixon Administration, 1969-1973
10:35-10:50
a.m.Coffee-break
10:50-12:15 a.m.Discussion
12:30 a.m.Buffet Lunch
02:00 p.m. Panel Two - Coping with Change: US-Western European Relations
- Chair:
Laurent Cesari
- Discussants: Sam F. Wells Jr., Jim Hershberg
02:00-02:35 p.m. PART I
- Massimiliano
Guderzo, Johnson, the Atlantic Alliance and European integration
- Saki Dockrill, On the Eve of Détente: Harold Wilson, Lyndon
Johnson, and the Question of Keeping
Britain in the Defence
of Western Europe
- Ilaria Poggiolini, Great Britain Enters the EEC: European Political
Collaboration at a Time of
Enlargement and Détente
02:35-03:45 p.m.Discussion
03:45-04:00 p.m.Coffee-break
04:00-04:40 p.m. PART II
- Francis
J. Gavin, The Gilpatric Committee and the Origins of America's Non-Proliferation
Policy
- Marilena Gala, Arms Control and European Security: The Path to West-European
Settlement
through Détente
- Leopoldo Nuti, Transatlantic Relations in the Era of Vietnam: Western
Europe and the Escalation
of the War, 1965-1968
04:40-06:00 p.m.Discussion
07:30 p.m.Dinner
08:30 p.m.Keynote
Speech by Timothy J. Naftali
Kennedy, Khrushchev,
and the Antecedents of D�tente
09:15 a.m. Introduction - Vojtech Mastny, The Soviet Union, Military Rivalry and Détente, 1965-1972
09:35 a.m. Panel One - Warsaw Pact issues
- Chair:
Fulvio D'Amoja
- Discussant: Michael Cox
- Jordan Baev,
A Prelude to Détente: The Strange Case of a Regional Inter-blocs
Cooperation and Intra-blocs Confrontation
in the Balkans: 1964-1974
- Douglas Selvage, "The Warsaw Pact is Dissolving": Poland,
the GDR and Bonn's Ostpolitik, 1966-1967
- Mark Kramer, Soviet-Romanian Relations and the Warsaw Pact: Repercussions
from the Czechoslovak
Crisis
- Tvrtko Jacovina, The Non-Aligned, Tito and the Federalization of
Jugoslavia
10:35-10:50 a.m.Coffee-break
10:50-12:15 a.m.Discussion
12:30 a.m.Buffet Lunch
02:00 a.m. Panel Two - The Transformations of NATO
- Chair:
Frédéric Bozo
- Discussants: Victor Papacosma
02:00-02:35 p.m. PART I
- Anna Locher
and Christian N�nlist, No Easy Road to D�tente: Conflicting NATO Perceptions
in View of
D�tente, 1963-1966
- Andreas Wenger, The NATO Crisis of 1966-67 Revisited
- Hubert Zimmermann, The Improbable Permanence of a Commitment:
The Battle about the US Military
Presence in Europe in the Period of Détente, 1965-1975
02:35-03:45 p.m.Discussion
03:45-04:00 p.m.Coffee-break
04:00-04:30 p.m. PART II
- Bruna Bagnato,
Handling the Alliance in a Time of Change: Manlio Brosio and the Transformation
of
NATO
- William Burr and Robert Wampler, "With Friends Like These�"
- Kissinger, the Atlantic Alliance and the
Abortive "Year
of Europe", 1973-1974
04:30-05:30 p.m.Discussion
07:30 p.m.Dinner
09:15 a.m. Panel One - Soviet Foreign Policy, D�tente and the Sino-Soviet Split
- Chair:
Hope Harrison
- Discussant: Odd Arne Westad
09:15-09:45 a.m. PART I
- Max Holland,
Soviet Dezinformacja, 1963-73: Active Measures under D�tente
- Alberto Tonini, Breaking Eggs in the US-Soviet Basket: Egypt, Israel
and the Six-Day War
- Isabella Ginor, Under the Yellow Arab Helmet Gleamed Blue Russian
Eyes: Operation Kavkaz and the
War of Attrition
09:45-10:30 a.m.Discussion
10:30-10:45 a.m.Coffee-break
10:45-11:35
a.m.
PART
II
- Tatiana
Zazerskaja-Moullec, Fighting Maoism: Soviet Isolation of China, 1964-74
- Chen
Jian, After Czechoslovakia of 1968:Beijings Confrontation with Moscow
and Rapprochement
with Washington
- Marie-Pierre Rey, France, the USSR and the Helsinki Process, 1965-1974
- Vladislav M. Zubok, Brezhnev Factor in Détente, 1968-1972
11:35-12:30 a.m.Discussion
12:30 a.m.Buffet Lunch
02:00 p.m. Panel Two - The Nixon Administration and D�tente
- Chair:
Jim Hershberg
- Discussant: Olav Nj�lstad
- Odd Arne
Westad, The Nixon Administration: A Research Agenda
- Jeffrey
Kimball and William Burr, Nixon's Secret Nuclear Alert: Vietnam War
Diplomacy and the Joint
Chief of Staff
Readiness Test, October 1969
- David Geyer, "A Russian Game, a Chinese Game, and an Election
Game": Richard Nixon, the Easter
Offensive
and the Road to the Moscow Summit
02:45-03:45 p.m.Discussion
03:45-04:00 p.m.Coffee-break
04:00
p.m. Panel Three - D�tente on Tape: The
Nixon Recordings
and
the New History of the 1970s
- Chair:
Timothy J. Naftali
- Discussant: Jeffrey Kimball
- Taylor Fain,
"Playing the China Card in the Subcontinent": D�tente, the Nixon Tapes
and
the Indo-Pakistani
War of 1971
- Ken Hughes, Domestic Determinants of Nixon's Strategy of Détente:
Vietnam
- Erin Mahan, The SALT Mindset: Détente through the Nixon Tapes
05:00 p.m.Discussion
End of the Conference
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